One of the world's most important misnomers is the atomic bomb. Its proper name should be nuclear bomb and not only is that name sometimes not used but somehow the name atomic bomb seems much more terrifying. The scientist Einstein's relationship with the atom bomb (or more precisely the nuclear bomb) is two ways.
First, the mass of matter in this bomb is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous formula E = mc^2. The second contact is much more real, Just before World War II, on August 2, 1937, Einstein wrote a letter to US President Franklin Roosevelt saying that Hitler might be trying to build a nuclear bomb in Germany, so America needed to be prepared.
Within a few days, a very secret project to make a nuclear bomb called the Manhattan Project began. The two bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were made from this project. The energy of a nuclear bomb comes from an atom or the nucleus in the center of an atom, and one such nucleus is uranium 235, The number 235 here means that the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus is 235 (of which 92 are protons and the rest are neutrons).
It is a very large nucleus and can be said to be somewhat intact. If one more neutron were somehow inserted into it, it would no longer remain intact, but would break into two pieces – with some spare neutrons ejected (Fig. 21.1). The mass of the nucleus and the neutrons entering it will be found to be less than the mass of the two fragments and some neutrons after the breakup.
The less mass comes out as energy according to Einstein's famous formula E = mc. This is exactly the process by which energy is released in what we refer to as nuclear power plants or nuclear reactors. There the rest is extracted slowly in a controlled manner. When all the energy is unleashed in an uncontrollable moment, it's called an atomic bomb (or, more precisely, a nuclear bomb.)
It follows that the first step in making a nuclear bomb is gathering uranium-235. The task is not very easy, first of all, to get one gram of uranium, you need 500 grams of uranium ore, almost all of the uranium there - about ninety-nine percent is uranium 238, which cannot be used to make bombs. The isotope from which bombs can be made is uranium 235, which is one percent. As a percentage it shouldn't be a big problem but it is a big problem because both uranium 235 and uranium 238 are isotopes of the same atom, i.e. the chemical identity is exactly the same, the difference is in the number of neutrons in the nucleus! Because of this, uranium 235 cannot be separated from uranium 238 by any chemical process.
It has to be separated by a very complicated mechanical method. Much more uranium-235 is separated for use in nuclear reactors than for making bombs. So whenever a country tries to isolate uranium 235 the whole world goes on alert. It is for this reason that Western countries are making noise about Iran. On the face of it, making a nuclear bomb might seem easy, releasing some neutrons into a bit of uranium 235 is actually not that easy.
First of all, a bomb means an explosion in an instant, so the whole thing will happen in one billionth of a second. Second, an additional neutron must be added to each nucleus at the same time, It is very complicated. But as we said before, if you break up a uranium 235, you get some spare neutrons along with the energy, those neutrons can break another nucleus and get more neutrons from there. Not all neutrons can be reused – some are lost. Therefore, research has shown that if a certain mass of uranium-235 can be collected, the matter of breaking down uranium-235 to obtain energy continues continuously.
This mass is called critical mass and extracting this critical mass is the first condition for making a bomb. At one time it was not very easy to figure out. In today's computer and internet age it is almost child's play but the amount is kept secret. Even if someone calculates at home, the security staff will come and seize these documents! Once the critical mass or mass of Uranium 235 has been collected, energy can be released from within. A bomb requires supercritical mass, the mass of uranium 235 that can be assembled enough to cause a nuclear reaction to accelerate rapidly and cause a massive explosion.
The six years from 1939 to 1945 cost nearly two billion dollars to produce two bombs in America, one of which was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Another was dropped on Nagasaki, three days later on August 9–the next day, August 10, Japan surrendered to the Allies. The entire area of half a mile in diameter below where these bombs were dropped was literally razed to the ground. Everything within a mile radius was destroyed.
Everything that was combustible within a radius of two to two and a half miles was burnt to ashes. About 70,000 people were killed and 70,000 others were injured at the time of the bomb blast. After the bomb, the unimaginable destruction of people due to radioactivity began. However, the Manhattan Project scientists knew that radiation could be dangerous to humans even before the bombing of Hiroshima-Nagasaki. Her name is Louise Tin, Canadian by birth. As we have already said, if uranium 235 is taken to a certain mass or critical mass, it starts a nuclear reaction and does not stop.
So for very good reason, uranium-235 is never critical mass—it's split into two for safety. Both are less than critical months separately. It is dangerous when combined together. Scientist Lewis Tin loved to play with this dangerous task. He would let one half fall over the critical month and the other half at the very last minute with a screwdriver at the bottom to separate the two halves.
While playing such a game, suddenly one day the crew could not deliver the driver in time and the two parts came together and the whole thing started a nuclear reaction. Everyone in the room saw the blue light emanating from the critical mass nuclear fuel - it seemed like a fireball was running through the room. Lewis Tin tried desperately to stop the reaction by inserting the Crew Driver inside and separating the two parts, but it was too late. Lewis Tin felt like his hand was burned by fire, he felt a kind of sour taste in his mouth. Lewis Tin then said to all the scientists standing in the room, “None of you move, stand where you are.
You need to know how much radiation you have received. I will not survive, some of you will.” Two days later Lewis Tin died, a death as painful as there are not many in the history of the world. The intense radioactive rays burned his whole body from the inside. A Louis Tin died suffering as much as a hundred thousand people in Japan died suffering! Louis Sutin's hands fell and the two parts came together to form critical mass. Inside the nuclear bomb, that is done on purpose. The two parts that Lewis Tin was playing with only started the reaction, the moment a nuclear bomb starts it goes out of proportion.
Inside the nuclear bomb, the two parts are kept separate, and when the moment of explosion comes, the two parts rush towards each other at great speed. As soon as the two parts touch, it explodes with a huge explosion (21. Image No. 2). The Hiroshima bomb was one such bomb. When talking about bombs only uranium 235 is mentioned but not only uranium 235 can be used to make bombs but also plutonium 239 can be used to make bombs. The second bomb dropped on Japan was made of plutonium 239, the Lewis Tin incident also happened with plutonium 239. While building the second bomb of the Manhattan Project, scientists discovered that the two parts could not be detonated together.
It requires a large sphere to be supercritical by pressurizing it—surrounding it with explosives and detonating it at the same moment it is detonated (21. Photo 3.) Manhattan Project scientists built a test bomb before dropping two bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. It was detonated on July 16, 1945 in a desert in New Mexico. All the scientists were stunned to see that explosion. They were horrified and begged the US government to never use it on a human. The US military didn't protect that request, they used it.
Not once - twice. A great scientist named Robert Oppenheimer was in charge of the Manhattan Project. Watching a nuclear bomb detonate in the New Mexico desert, he quoted a verse from the Gita and said, Now I am the destroyer of the world – I am death. It is very easy to protect people when they become their own death? Now I am the destroyer of the world – I am death. It is very easy to protect people when they become their own death? Now I am the destroyer of the world – I am death. It is very easy to protect people when they become their own death? Now I am the destroyer of the world – I am death. It is very easy to protect people when they become their own death? Now I am the destroyer of the world – I am death. It is very easy to protect people when they become their own death? They used it.
Not once - twice. A great scientist named Robert Oppenheimer was in charge of the Manhattan Project. Watching a nuclear bomb detonate in the New Mexico desert, he quoted a verse from the Gita and said, Now I am the destroyer of the world – I am death. It is very easy to protect people when they become their own death? They used it. Not once - twice. A great scientist named Robert Oppenheimer was in charge of the Manhattan Project. Watching a nuclear bomb detonate in the New Mexico desert, he quoted a verse from the Gita and said, Now I am the destroyer of the world – I am death. It is very easy to protect people when they become their own death?
